Still Life in Setzuan – ‚The Good People of The Three Gorges’ by Zhangke

Modern Dramaturgy is often defined as “alternative” or ‘breaking the rules’[i], or a ‘stylish style’.[ii] The dramaturgical patterns of traditions of narrative-performative art, in short drama, are applied to these movies classified as poetic or creative, cinematic or ‘non-Aristotelian’. This is also true if no dramaturg is involved. These dramaturgical models emerged from three categories of drama, which Aristotle only referred to in his Poetics,[iii] but did not discuss. One example using traditions of modern dramaturgy[iv] is:

Still Life – The Good People of the Three Gorges (The Good People of The Three Gorges’ CH 2006

The Chinese original title is a direct reference to Der gute Mensch von Sezuan [The Good Woman Of Setzuan] by Brecht/Berlau/Steffin (1938-1940), translated as ‘The Good People of The Three Gorges’. The story of Zhange’s movie is situated in the province of Setzuan, in Fengjie, where the Three Gorges dam is about to be built.

The main character with whom the movie starts, going by the name Sanming (Han Sanming), travels from another province, Shanxi, to the city Fengjie. He is searching for his daughter who disappeared with his wife, who left him dreaming of a better life in that city. In the middle part a woman, Shen Hong (Zhao Tao) from the very same province, is searching for her husband, who went to Fengjie for a job. The switched protagonist in the middle of the film mirrors the character of the first chapter from a different perspective. In the third part, the character Sanming with whom the movie began, has learned from both episodes.

MannaufDachStilllife FrauStillife

The male character is a mineworker, representing the traditional China, and the female character the modern. He hopes to reunify his family. She comes to ask her husband for a divorce. Both characters and their motifs represent the impact which the politic can have on the life of common people. By having a mirrored part showing different courses and outcomes, Zhangke may respond here to the dramaturgical approach of Kieślowski’s BLIND CHANCE (Kieślowski PL 1987 (1981)) – although in Zhange’s film the mirroring scenes are reflecting on the different mindset and gender specific circumstances of these two characters.

The mineworker searching for his daughter finds the address as situated in the part already flooded for the first level of the dam. To stay for the search, he joins a group of men from different regions who came to the city for work. They introduce their home regions to one another by showing the pictures on the back of different banknotes. In contrast, the female character leading the middle part is shown as more distanced and observing. Her search starts from a privileged situation by having a common friend who supports her search. The space, within which the action takes place is well defined and part of the implicit dramaturgy. On the other hand, time is not shown as being a definite progress in any of these episodes. There are days and nights but not a naturalistic protocol of the time these characters are spending in the city, or of how long it actually takes to find someone – or oneself.

The impetus to make this film was for Zhangke the dam project and its foreseeable result. That project symbolises ‘the great change’ and promises for a better future. The dam is going to be built in a landscape that became iconic for the Tang Dynasty, the Golden Age of China.[i] By sending two characters for a search into this town, Zhangke is able to show a kaleidoscope of characters, situations, the dialectic “mixture of ancient and modern, ethereal and physical” as well as the female and male experience of this city. Their experiences and points of view give the opportunity to tell about the impact, which the contemporary political situation has on social life and the interaction of very many people.[ii] STILL LIFE is also categorised as ‘ecocinema’.[iii] A definition of eco-cinema summarises the definition of epic movies (without mentioning epic) and emphasising that “Such films invite viewers to refresh their perception of the world and the environment and to contemplate the world view in a new light different from usual mainstream commercial filmmaking.”[iv] One feature of eco-cinema as well as of epic movies is to employ “extended shots relatively still imagery as a way of asking that viewers slow down and explore what they’re seeing.”[v]

 

StillifeDance1 staudammStillife

 

In Still Life, the main characters encounter a wide range of people and situations. Writer-director Zhangke wanted to give an impression of the simultaneity of beauty and ugliness, compassion and cruelty by showing extended shots of the landscape, the city, faces, and some still lives of different kind.[vi] Aesthetically, he combines a detailed observation about the life in Fengjie with poetic moments. In two situations people are dancing to music that is difficult to dance to. One of them is located on a roof terrace above one of the new bridges built for the time after the flooding. The other one happens after the wife and husband met each other again after been separated for two years. This situation is located at a provisory bank in front of a viewing spot simulating the new level of the river after the dam is finished. They are also dancing to a kind of music, which is not providing a danceable rhythm.

Zhangke also integrates fantastic moments in the realistic setting. From time to time a UFO appears, and a landmark building transforms into a rocket and flies off. These poetic interventions visualise how surreal life became as a result of the transformation process in China.[i]

[i] (Zhangke 2008)

[i] (Zhangke 2008, 7 )

[ii] (Zhangke 2008, 7)

[iii] (Lu 2017, 5)

[iv] (Lu 2017, 3)

[v] (MacDonald 2004, 115)

[vi] (Zhangke 2008)

[i] Cf. (Dancyger and Rush 2013)

[ii] (cf. Bordwell 2006, pp 115)

[iii] (Aristoteles and Schmitt 2008)

[iv] (Stutterheim 2018)

Bibliography

 

Bordwell, David. 2006. The way Hollywood tells it: Story and style in modern movies. Berkeley [u.a.]: Univ. of California Press.

Dancyger, Ken, and Jeff Rush. 2013. Alternative scriptwriting : beyond the Hollywood formula. Fifth Edition. ed. Burlington, MA ; Abingdon, Oxon: Focal Press.

Kieślowski, Krzysztof PL 1987 (1981). Przypadek

Lu, Sheldon. 2017. „Introduction: Chinese-language ecocinema.“ Journal of Chinese Cinemas 11 (1):1-12.

Stutterheim, Kerstin. 2019. Modern Film Dramaturgy. London and New York: Routledge.

Zhangke, Jia. 2008. Jia Zhangke on Still Life London: BFI.